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Science and leadership par excellence Steve Squyres and Ray Arvidson at the Lunar and Planetary Science Conference in
2013, as Oppy was atop Matijevic Hill. Arvidson, a Co-I on the Compact
Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer for Mars (CRISM) on MRO scheduled additional
passes over Endeavour Crater and found Matijevic Hill to be a “sweet spot” for
phyllosilicates. Squyres agreed they had to check it out. In an outcrop, Esperance, (left
top), they found remnants of ancient clay minerals, evidence that near neutral water
pooled there billions of years ago. It was one of MER’s greatest discoveries. A close-up
view taken with the rover’s Microscopic Imager (left bottom) helped confirm the
discovery. “Whatever the reason you're on Mars is, I'm glad you're there. And I wish I
was with you,” said Carl Sagan in a recorded message to future Mars explorers just
before his death in 1996. NASA / JPL-Caltech / Cornell / ASU (left); NASA / JPL-Caltech; A.J.S. Rayl (right)